Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY

Authors

J. J. Wang, California Institute of Technology
A. Vigan, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
S. Lacour, Sorbonne Université
M. Nowak, Institute of Astronomy
T. Stolker, Sterrewacht Leiden
R. J. De Rosa, European Southern Observatory Santiago
S. Ginzburg, University of California, Berkeley
P. Gao, University of California, Berkeley
R. Abuter, European Southern Observatory
A. Amorim, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
R. Asensio-Torres, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
M. Bauböck, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
M. Benisty, Université Grenoble Alpes
J. P. Berger, Université Grenoble Alpes
H. Beust, Université Grenoble Alpes
J. L. Beuzit, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
S. Blunt, California Institute of Technology
A. Boccaletti, Sorbonne Université
A. Bohn, Sterrewacht Leiden
M. Bonnefoy, Université Grenoble Alpes
H. Bonnet, European Southern Observatory
W. Brandner, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
F. Cantalloube, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
P. Caselli, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
B. Charnay, Sorbonne Université
G. Chauvin, Université Grenoble Alpes
E. Choquet, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
V. Christiaens, Monash University
Y. Clénet, Sorbonne Université
V. Coudé Du Foresto, Sorbonne Université
A. Cridland, Sterrewacht Leiden
P. T. De Zeeuw, Sterrewacht Leiden
K. Ward-Duong, Smith CollegeFollow
et al, Various Institutions

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

3-1-2021

Publication Title

Astronomical Journal

Abstract

We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/ GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 μas precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of 0.17 ± 0.06, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 MJup, while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets’ 1–5 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-astronomical-unit spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3 au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b.

Volume

161

Issue

3

DOI

10.3847/1538-3881/abdb2d

ISSN

00046256

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Rights

© 2021. The Author(s)

Comments

Archived as published.

Recommended Citation

Wang, J. J.; Vigan, A.; Lacour, S.; Nowak, M.; Stolker, T.; De Rosa, R. J.; Ginzburg, S.; Gao, P.; Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Asensio-Torres, R.; Bauböck, M.; Benisty, M.; Berger, J. P.; Beust, H.; Beuzit, J. L.; Blunt, S.; Boccaletti, A.; Bohn, A.; Bonnefoy, M.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; Cantalloube, F.; Caselli, P.; Charnay, B.; Chauvin, G.; Choquet, E.; Christiaens, V.; Clénet, Y.; Coudé Du Foresto, V.; Cridland, A.; De Zeeuw, P. T.; Ward-Duong, K.; and al, et, "Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY" (2021). Astronomy: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA.
https://scholarworks.smith.edu/ast_facpubs/102