Detailed Study of a Rare Hyperluminous Rotating Disk in an Einstein Ring 10 Billion Years Ago

Authors

• Daizhong Liu, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Natascha M. Förster Schreiber, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Kevin C. Harrington, Universidad Diego Portales
• Lilian L. Lee, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Patrick S. Kamieneski, School of Earth and Space Exploration
• Richard I. Davies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Dieter Lutz, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Alvio Renzini, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
• Stijn Wuyts, University of Bath, Department of Physics
• Linda J. Tacconi, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Reinhard Genzel, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Andreas Burkert, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
• Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, Universidad de Concepcion
• Belén Alcalde Pampliega, European Southern Observatory Santiago
• Amit Vishwas, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science
• Melanie Kaasinen, European Southern Observatory Santiago
• Q. Daniel Wang, University of Massachusetts Amherst
• Eric F. Jiménez-Andrade, Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica
• James Lowenthal, Smith CollegeFollow
• Nicholas Foo, School of Earth and Space Exploration
• Brenda L. Frye, The University of Arizona
• Jinyi Shangguan, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Yixian Cao, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Guido Agapito, Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri
• Alex Agudo Berbel, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Capucine Barfety, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
• Andrea Baruffolo, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
• Derek Berman, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science
• Martin Black, Royal Observatory
• Marco Bonaglia, Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica, Rome
• Runa Briguglio, Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri
• Luca Carbonaro, Osservatorio Astrofisico Di Arcetri

Author ORCID Identifier

Daizhong Liu: 0000-0001-9773-7479

Kevin C. Harrington: 0000-0001-5429-5762

Lilian L. Lee: 0000-0001-7457-4371

Patrick S. Kamieneski: 0000-0001-9394-6732

Richard I. Davies: 0000-0003-4949-7217

Dieter Lutz: 0000-0003-0291-9582

Alvio Renzini: 0000-0002-7093-7355

Stijn Wuyts: 0000-0003-3735-1931

Linda J. Tacconi: 0000-0002-1485-9401

Reinhard Genzel: 0000-0002-2767-9653

Andreas Burkert: 0000-0001-6879-9822

Rodrigo Herrera-Camus: 0000-0002-2775-0595

Belén Alcalde Pampliega: 0000-0002-4140-0428

Amit Vishwas: 0000-0002-4444-8929

Melanie Kaasinen: 0000-0002-1173-2579

Q. Daniel Wang: 0000-0002-9279-4041

Eric F. Jiménez-Andrade: 0000-0002-2640-5917

James Lowenthal: 0000-0001-9969-3115

Nicholas Foo: 0000-0002-7460-8460

Brenda L. Frye: 0000-0003-1625-8009

Jinyi Shangguan: 0000-0002-4569-9009

Yixian Cao: 0000-0001-5301-1326

Guido Agapito: 0000-0002-6382-2613

Capucine Barfety: 0000-0002-1952-3966

Andrea Baruffolo: 0000-0002-1114-4355

Derek Berman: 0000-0002-9800-0249

Marco Bonaglia: 0000-0002-4236-2339

Runa Briguglio: 0000-0002-0495-0543

Luca Carbonaro: 0000-0003-1492-1591

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-1-2024

Publication Title

Nature Astronomy

Abstract

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs) are the rarest and most extreme starbursts and found only in the distant Universe (z ≳ 1). They have intrinsic infrared (IR) luminosities LIR ≥ 1013 L⊙ and are commonly found to be major mergers. Recently, the Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyze Gravitationally-lensed Extreme Starbursts project (PASSAGES) searched ~104 deg2 of the sky and found ~20 HyLIRGs. We describe a detailed study of PJ0116-24, the brightest (μLIR ≈ 2.6 × 1014 L⊙, magnified with μ ≈ 17) Einstein-ring HyLIRG in the southern sky, at z = 2.125, with observations from the near-IR integral-field spectrograph VLT/ERIS and the submillimetre interferometer ALMA. We detected Hα, Hβ, [N ii] and [S ii] lines and obtained an extreme Balmer decrement (Hα/Hβ ≈ 8.73 ± 1.14). We modelled the molecular-gas and ionized-gas kinematics with CO(3–2) and Hα data at ~100–300 pc and (sub)kiloparsec delensed scales, respectively, finding consistent regular rotation. We found PJ0116-24 to be highly rotationally supported (vrot/σ0, mol. gas ≈ 9.4) with a richer gaseous substructure than other known HyLIRGs. Our results imply that PJ0116-24 is an intrinsically massive (Mbaryon ≈ 1011.3 M⊙) and rare starbursty disk (star-formation rate, SFR = 1,490 M⊙ yr−1) probably undergoing secular evolution. This indicates that the maximal SFR (≳1,000 M⊙ yr−1) predicted by simulations could occur during a galaxy’s secular evolution, away from major mergers.

Volume

8

Issue

9

First Page

1181

Last Page

1194

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02296-7

Version

Version of Record

Recommended Citation

Liu, Daizhong; Förster Schreiber, Natascha M.; Harrington, Kevin C.; Lee, Lilian L.; Kamieneski, Patrick S.; Davies, Richard I.; Lutz, Dieter; Renzini, Alvio; Wuyts, Stijn; Tacconi, Linda J.; Genzel, Reinhard; Burkert, Andreas; Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo; Alcalde Pampliega, Belén; Vishwas, Amit; Kaasinen, Melanie; Wang, Q. Daniel; Jiménez-Andrade, Eric F.; Lowenthal, James; Foo, Nicholas; Frye, Brenda L.; Shangguan, Jinyi; Cao, Yixian; Agapito, Guido; Berbel, Alex Agudo; Barfety, Capucine; Baruffolo, Andrea; Berman, Derek; Black, Martin; Bonaglia, Marco; Briguglio, Runa; and Carbonaro, Luca, "Detailed Study of a Rare Hyperluminous Rotating Disk in an Einstein Ring 10 Billion Years Ago" (2024). Astronomy: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA.
https://scholarworks.smith.edu/ast_facpubs/133